Lenin Street

Lenin Street (formerly Bolshaya Arkhangelskaya) leads from the Podchuvashsky suburb in a southerly direction. Bolshaya Arkhangelskaya Street was named after the Church of Michael the Archangel.

Another street name was Moskovsky Trakt Street. Three roads led to Siberia from European Russia — Irbitskaya, Shadrinskaya and Yekaterinburg, which merged into one Moscow-Siberian highway near the village of Tugulymsky Tyumen District. The road was served by coachmen. Traffic on it was year-round: in summer there were carts, in winter — sleigh. Bread and butter were exported from Siberia.

In return, the tsarist government sent criminals beyond the Urals. Back in the first half of the XVII century, it was decided to replace the death penalty with exile to Siberia. In the XVIII — XIX centuries, prisoners went to Siberia on foot, shackled. Often parties of convicts, rattling chains, wandered from the Podchuvash suburb along this street through the whole city to the prison.

The beginning of the street is the Podchuvash suburb or Podchuvashi. A high mountain with a cliff above the Irtysh is called the Chuvash Cape.

In the area of the Chuvash Cape there was a pier for ships and transportation across the Irtysh. On June 2, 1837, the heir to the throne, Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich, the future Emperor Alexander II, was met here.

Bolshaya Arkhangelskaya was the main street of ancient Tobolsk.

On April 29, 1774, such a case occurred on Bolshaya Arkhangelskaya Street. Colonel Bulgakov was riding down the street in a carriage. Suddenly his horse stepped into a crevice in the pavement and broke his leg. The colonel complained to the Governor D.I. Chicherin.

The governor ordered:

"To command that from now on, the inhabitants of Tobolsk living in a decent way, where potholes and boreholes are made on the pavement, then whole boards are inserted in those damaged places, and not small inserts, which causes harm to both people and horses passing by.

So during the passage of Mr. Colonel Bulgakov, the horse broke its leg on the pavement, and the postilion sitting on it, flying headlong from it, was raised half-dead.

The owner of that house, against whom this misfortune happened, should be flogged in the market, with a drum beat, mercilessly whipped and, having shaved his head, used for two months in hard labor…"

After the redevelopment at the end of the XVIII century, the street became very wide. Along the street there were two-storey wooden and stone houses with gardens and front gardens, administrative buildings, offices of various enterprises and services, shops and so on.

The artist Mikhail Stepanovich Znamensky lived on Bolshaya Arkhangelskaya Street.

The most favorite place on Bolshaya Arkhangelskaya (Lenin) Street was the theater. The first theatrical performances in Tobolsk were shown at the beginning of the XVIII century. During the time of Catherine II, the theater building was built on Bogoyavlenskaya Street. However, in the first half of the XIX century, the theater in the Siberian capital fell into disrepair and only occasionally plays were staged in the Public Assembly building in Ermak’s garden.

In 1885, a dramatic society was created in Tobolsk, which aimed to revive the theatrical business of the center of the province. On July 26, 1898, the building of the People’s Auditorium was laid. In 1899, the construction was completed. The opening of the theater was marked by the play by A.I. Ostrovsky "It's a Family Affair-We'll Settle It Ourselves" On June 22, 1900, Alexey Stepanovich Sukhanov was appointed manager of the People’s Audience.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the dramas "Vasilisa Melentyev" by Ostrovsky, "Crime and Punishment" by Dostoevsky, the plays "Sunset" by Sumbatov and "Uncle Vanya" by Chekhov were staged in the People’s Audience of Tobolsk. Actors Zapolyeva, Radina, Petrovskaya, Talzatti, Lidin-Dubrovsky, Korsakov, Pitaev-Pronsky shone on the Tobolsk stage.

On April 2, 1918, Soviet power was proclaimed in the theater. The People’s Auditorium was renamed the Proletarian House. In the Proletarian House, plays of revolutionary content were staged, for example, "The Mason, or the Tower of Freedom."

On June 22, 1941, the first meeting of Tobolsk people about the beginning of the Great Patriotic War was held near the building of the drama theater.

In the autumn of 1941, Tobolsk received the evacuated Zaporozhye Musical Drama Theater named after Zankovetskaya, under the leadership of People’s Artist of the Ukrainian SSR B.V. Romanitsky. For 22 months of work in Tobolsk, the team staged 500 paid and charity performances and concerts, which were attended by 250 thousand people, appreciating the talent and inspiration of Ukrainian stage masters. In September 1943, the theater returned to Zaporozhye.

"Teremok" - so the Tobolyaks lovingly called it. Our compatriots and foreigners who have seen the world admired him. It was unlike any theater in the world. The Palace — Theater is the center of the cultural life of Tobolsk.

On the night of November 17−18, 1990, the Tobolsk Teremok theater burned down. Only the south tower survived, which was later dismantled. Tobolsk people began to raise money for its restoration. About 300 thousand rubles were collected (it was possible to build 5 new theaters!), but inflation devalued the money.

Not far from the theater, at the intersection of Lenin and Ershov Streets, there was a two-story wooden house, which the Tobolians called "theatrical". Theater workers lived in this house.

At the intersection of Lenin and Decembrist Streets (Bolshaya Arkhangelskaya and Abramovskaya) there was a large wooden one-story house. In the middle of the XIX century it was one of the best houses in Tobolsk. From 1841 to 1856, the family of the Decembrist Pyotr Nikolaevich Svistunov lived in it.

On the corner of Bolshaya Arkhangelskaya and Pochtovaya Streets in 1911, the electro-theater "Modern" was opened, already the second in a row built in Tobolsk. The building was built of wood on a plot belonging to the Tobolsk nobleman Ivan Nikolaevich Butlerov. By architecture, the building of the electro-theater echoes the building of the People’s Auditorium, located on the same street.

The repertoire of the "Modern" in January 1914: the drama "Two souls", the drama "The Dream of Death". In January 1916, the drama "Cruel Lesson", the comedy "Shirtless" and the scientific film "Excursion to Lake Chuzenji" were shown at the electro-theater "Modern". The session starts at half past four in the evening, on holidays at two o’clock in the afternoon.

There was a buffet in the electro-theater. There you could read the newspapers "Russian Word", "Speech", "Stock Exchange Vedomosti", "Ural Life" and "Satyricon".

In Soviet times, there was an Art cinema in the building, then a furniture store.

Next to the church is the Mariinsky Girls' Gymnasium (now secondary school No. 1). In 1852, with the participation of the Decembrists Alexander Mikhailovich Muravyev and Pyotr Sergeevich Svistunov, a girls' parish school was opened, later transformed into a women’s gymnasium. The school was located in the parish of the Church of Michael the Archangel. The girls studied Church Slavonic and Russian, cosmography and geometry.

In 1854, the school was named "Mariinsky". Until 1909 it was a privileged women’s educational institution. Then it became omniscient and accessible.

In 1910, work began on the construction of a new school building, which was completed on the eve of the First World War. The general contractor of the works was P.I. Pechokas.

In the 1913−1914 academic year, 335 people studied at the gymnasium, in 1915−1916 — 350. In the 1918−1919 academic year, the number of students increased 3 times and amounted to about 1,000 people. The tuition fee was 50 rubles per year.

In the spring of 1919, the Mariinsky Women’s Gymnasium made its last graduation. In the same year, it was transformed into a grade II school. In the 1920s and 30s, the school often changed its name: Stalin basic semiletka, factory school, incomplete secondary school. In 1934 it became Secondary School No. 1.

Among the graduates of the school there are famous scientists, teachers, doctors, engineers. For example, Doctor of Economics P.V. Novitsky, Honored Teacher of the RSFSR school, Honorary Citizen of Tyumen V.F. Yugrinov, mathematician B.N. Kuznetsov, chemist V.A. Beshkiltseva and others.

There are two old two-storey houses on Lenin Street, 22 and 22B. The first belonged to the merchant Nazarov, then Rusakov. The house was built before the Great Fire of 1788. On October 10, 1864, the house was purchased by the Tobolsk City Police.

The second two floors stone house belonged to the merchant Andrey Khudyakov, the headman of the Church of Michael the Archangel. After Khudyakov’s death, he transferred the house to the ownership of the Arkhangelsk Church.

Further down the street at the bridge over the Kurdyumka River there was a Jewish synagogue. In the second half of the XIX century Jews moved en masse to the territory of Western Siberia. Tobolsk had one of the largest Jewish communities in Siberia, Jews were the third largest after Russians and Tatars.

The end of the street is the Pryamskoy road. Since the foundation of Tobolsk, a natural dry log has served for climbing the mountain. For a long time, the road had no road surface, so it was very difficult to climb up, especially in rainy weather. In the 1670s, a wooden staircase was built.

In 1751, an ensign of the Dragoon regiment, a talented engineer, Yakov Ukusnikov, developed a draft of about 200 fathoms (400 meters) long.

In the second half of the XVIII century, it was decided to build retaining walls for the Pryamskoy road. Various craftsmen were involved in the construction, among them were architect Alexander Guchev, surveyor Vasily Ponomarev, Tobolsk burghers Savin and Pakhomov. In the 1790s, retaining walls were built with a height of 6.5 fathoms (14.6 meters) in the highest part, and 2 arshins (about 1.5 meters) in the low part. The length of the retaining walls was 51 fathoms (110 meters).

In the old days, there were 198 steps on the Pryamsky road. At the moment — 203 steps. There is an old sigh in Tobolsk: after visiting the city, you need to go down and climb the Straight train, count the steps and your wish comes true.

Chuvash Cape

In the area of the old ferry across the Irtysh is the Chuvash Cape — the place of the decisive battle of Ermak’s squad with the army of Khan Kuchum. Many authors tried to associate the name of the cape with the Chuvash people who supposedly lived on the cape. However, the historian Pyotr Andreevich Slovtsov also pointed out that "there are no Chuvash in Siberian history," and the name of the place should be translated "coastal village" (in Ugric "potche vozh" or "potchevash"). The artist Mikhail Stepanovich Znamensky wrote in his essays that the name Potchevash means "deer town". As proof, Znamensky cited information that back in the middle of the XIX century a lot of deer antlers were falling on the cape.

In 1879 Znamensky began excavations on the Chuvash Cape. From the artist’s diary, it can be learned that the first excavations were undertaken by him back in 1878. They did not last long and almost nothing is known about them. In addition to mentioning that two metal plates were lifted from the ground. The new excavations began on June 4 and ended on August 2. The work went on 6 days a week, except Sundays and rainy days. Two hired workers were digging. Mikhail Stepanovich paid 80 kopecks to one, 50−60 kopecks a day to the other. In total, Znamensky spent 57 rubles 10 kopecks. The finds began to come across as soon as the top layer was removed by a quarter. By July 26, 49 metal objects and 79 arrowheads had been found. The cultural layer contained many fragments of ceramic vessels. But M.S. Znamensky took only whole vessels.

The excavations of Znamensky on the Chuvash Cape were continued in 1880, but lasted only 4 days, from May 15 to May 18. Only a few items were found.

In addition to the ancient settlement on the Chuvash Cape, there are 15 mounds that were robbed in the XVIII — XIX centuries.

In 1878, by order of the Vice-governor of the Tobolsk province, Alexander Ippolitovich Dmitriev-Mamonov, excavations of mounds on the Chuvash Cape were started. The mounds were excavated in perpendicular trenches 2−3 yards wide and 1.5 fathoms deep.

In the summer of 1882, the work was continued. The excavations were carried out for four months. The prisoners of the Tobolsk prison castle dug directly. Thus, in two years all 15 mounds were excavated.

In 1892 and 1893 Tobolsk was visited by the artist Vasily Ivanovich Surikov, here he worked on sketches of his painting "The Conquest of Siberia by Ermak". He came in late autumn to paint the harsh Siberian nature and the leaden waters of the Irtysh. In 1895, Surikov presented the finished canvas (285×599) to the public.

Archaeological expeditions in 1970 and 1994 confirmed that in the Middle Ages there was a Ugric settlement on the Chuvash Cape, but in 1582 it had long been abandoned by people, and the area looked about the same as it does now.

Podchuvashsky shipment

Two shipments operated in Tobolsk — Podchuvashinsky and Abramovsky. The first operated in the Podchuvashinsky suburb from the Moscow-Siberian highway, on the second one — people and goods were transported to the village of Bekerevka on the old Uvatsky highway.

Frequent scandals on shipment across the Irtysh in Podchuvashy, contract prices on the ferry growing from year to year and the exploitation of workers by the contractor forced the Tobolsk provincial administration to pay attention to the organization of transportation.

In 1894, the provincial government offered the city to undertake the shipment itself, but the Tobolsk City Duma rejected this proposal.

At one of the shipbuilding plants of Tyumen, three ferries were made "just toys", but they turned out to be not suitable for movement along the Irtysh. Ferries had to be redone several times — to remove the sides, strengthen the bottom, fix the steering wheel, but they remained very heavy and poorly controlled. Two ferries were in working condition, the third was considered a reserve.

The full complement of workers on the ferry consisted of 24 people, including 20 laborers, two helmsmen, a headman over the artel and a coastal policeman to monitor the order.

The artel of carriers was divided into two parties of ten people per ferry. There were no shifts for workers, when one ferry departed from the city shore, the other departed from the opposite side.

Usually each ferry had to make twenty transits a day, ten in one direction, ten in the other. There was no lunch break on the ferries. The workers sitting on the oars received 6 rubles 50 kopecks per month, the helmsmen — 8 rubles. The salary of the headman was 180 rubles per year. The artel watched the employees so that there would be no absenteeism. The elders practiced ruble fines, for example, for breaking oars.

In 1904, a new ferry appeared on the Podchuvash ferry. "Recently, a new ferry worth, they say, 600 rubles was delivered to the Podchuvashsky ferry by the Vardropper partnership in Tyumen. But this ferry is far inferior in its design and size to the existing ferries. The former ferries, counting three, cost 400 rubles each, can accommodate up to 20 carts, the new one will hardly fit 10 carts" (Siberian Leaflet. 1904. No. 39. p.2).

In 1907, the ferry in Podchuvashy was replaced by a small steamer.

Throughout the twentieth century, the area of the old ferry was very busy: constant meetings, send-offs. In 1991, after the opening of the road bridge over the Irtysh, the ferry crossing in Podchuvash ceased to operate, and the place became empty.

On Lenin Street, 22 and 22B, there are two old two-storey houses. The first belonged to the merchant Nazarov, then to Rusakov. The house was built before the Great Fire of 1788. On October 10, 1864, the house was purchased by the Tobolsk City Police. On March 30, 1987, the house was placed under state protection.

The second two-storey stone house belonged to the merchant Andrey Khudyakov, the headman of the Church of Michael the Archangel. After his death, Khudyakov bequeathed the house to the ownership of the Archangel Church. The house is famous for the fact that, while in Tobolsk, the exiled writer A.N. Radishchev lived in it.

In July 2023, it was decided to put Rusakov and Khudyakov’s houses on conservation.

The Semyonov estate consists of two houses built in the early twentieth century in the form of a "glagol'" - wooden and stone. The wooden house is located along Lenin Street (formerly Bolshaya Arkhangelskaya), and the stone one "turns" onto Yershov Street (formerly Postal). The wooden house is decorated with beautiful platbands of sawn carving and openwork scallops. The one-storey stone house is a building with elements of pseudo-Russian style.

In 1911, Anna Egorovna Semenova owned the house at 19 Bolshaya Arkhangelskaya Street (the modern address is 23 Lenin Street). At that time, only four people lived in the house.
In 1991, a Station for young tourists was opened in Tobolsk, which chose the tourist and local history direction as its vector. SYTour was headed by Galina A. Odintsova. She was replaced by the current director of the station Marina Pavlovna Khasanova.

In June 2011 The station of young tourists celebrated its 20th anniversary. The gala evening was attended by employees and veterans of the institution, graduates, pupils. The event began with honoring those who have invested a lot of effort in the development of SYTour. The best were awarded certificates of honor by the city administration, the Committees for Youth and Education, the Department for Sports and Youth Policy.

"In the piggy bank of the achievements of the victory station at the All-Russian conference "Fatherland", the regional movement "Tyumen Region is my love and pride", at regional competitions for the best organization of tourist work, the best institution of additional education. Only this academic year, pupils and teachers became prize-winners of the regional competitions in sports tourism "Golden Autumn", winners of the regional Festival of tourists and travelers "Odyssey-2011", won a grant in the regional competition of social projects "Our region", — said the director of the station Marina Khasanova.

Currently, the Station of Young tourists is a subdivision of the Children’s House of Creativity.

The first wooden church of the Archangel of God Michael and other disembodied forces was founded in 1615. In 1652, a new wooden church of Michael the Archangel was built.

On May 13, 1715, the church burned down. Thanks to donations, a new wooden church was built in a short time. Thirty years later it became dilapidated, in 1744 the parishioners began to bother about the construction of a new church. On July 2, 1745, the stone church of Michael the Archangel was built by the efforts of merchant Dmitry Khudyakov at the expense of parishioners. In 1748, the lower floor was completed, in 1754 — the upper one.
The builders of this church and the carvers of the iconostasis were Tobolsk coachmen brothers Cherepanov Ilya and Kuzma. Kuzma Cherepanov, a savvy and resourceful person, learnt mathematics, history, mechanics and collected a library of 400 books. His brother Ilya worked in his spare time on his chronicle of Ermak’s campaign and the foundation of the first Russian cities of Siberia. Of particular interest is the iron wrought-iron fence of the church with the monograms "M" and "A" ("Michael the Archangel").

There was a parish cemetery attached to the church. It was stumbled upon in 1901 when laying a water pipe. "When laying a ditch for a water pipe along Bolshaya Arkhangelskaya Street opposite Lesovoy’s house, we came across several coffins, just 2 yards deep. According to the legends of old-timers, there was a cemetery near the Church of Michael the Archangel, which is located opposite Lesovoy’s house, and it had to be cut by a ditch. In one of the coffins, a well-preserved skull was found, blackened like cast iron. The coffin tree has been preserved, everything else has decayed" (Siberian leaflet. 1901. No. 50. pp. 2−3).

Patronal feasts in the Church of Michael the Archangel: January 30 — The Cathedral of Three Saints: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, John Chrysostom, May 8 — St. John the Theologian, September 6 — the miracle of Archangel Michael in Honech, September 26 — the repose of St. Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian, November 8 — the Cathedral of Archangel Michael.
In 1791, the exiled writer Alexander Nikolaevich Radishchev lived next to the church in the house of merchant Andrey Khudyakov. Radishchev was exiled to Siberia for his book "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow". The Ilimsky prison was appointed as the place of serving the sentence. On December 20, 1790, Radishchev arrived in Tobolsk, where he lived for seven months. On July 31, 1791, he went on.

In 1797, Radishchev, returning from exile, again left for Tobolsk. On the way, his common-law wife Elizaveta Vasilyevna Rubanovskaya fell ill. On April 7, Rubanovskaya died in Tobolsk from pneumonia. Two days later, she was buried in the Church of Michael the Archangel and buried in the Zavalny cemetery.

In the XIX century the staff of the church included a priest and a psalmist. Ivan Grigoriev, Kirill Yakovlev, Zakhar Luzin, Nikifor Ponomarev, Mikhail Arefyev, Evgeny Rechikov, Mikhail Dobrokhotov served in the church over the years.

The parishioners of this church were the Mendeleev family, who lived on Bolshaya Bolotnaya Street. The church was visited by Decembrists. Opposite the temple on Bolshaya Arkhangelskaya Street the house of the artist Mikhail Stepanovich Znamensky was located. On March 3, 1892, Znamensky died suddenly of "heart palsy". On March 6, he was buried in this church.

On the night of August 17, 1878, an attempt was made to rob a church. On this occasion, the newspaper "Tobolsk provincial Vedomosti" noted: "On the night of August 17, unknown intruders attempted to rob the parish churches: Resurrection and Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk, with the breaking of locks and other fortifications, but nothing was stolen" (Tobolsk provincial Vedomosti. 1878. No. 36. p. 6).

On April 19, 1889, in the Church of Michael the Archangel, a funeral service was held for an official of the Tobolsk Construction Commission, Alexei Lvovich Zhilin, who died on April 15 "at eight o’clock in the afternoon, having 69 years of age" (GUTO GA in Tobolsk. F. 152. Op. 34. d. 21. L. 27).

The parish of the Church of Michael the Archangel was one of the most prosperous. Its population consisted of burghers, merchants and officials. In 1895, 659 people (302 men, 357 women) lived in the parish. In 1904, 132 babies (69 boys, 63 girls) were born in the parish, 107 people (49 m., 58 w.) died, there were 14 marriages during the year (GUTO GA in Tobolsk. F. 1. Op. 1. d. 999. l. 11).
In August 1894, the parishioners of the church celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of the ministry of their priest Yevgeny Reschikov: "The 26th of this month is the day of the fiftieth anniversary of the ministry of Fr. Archpriest of the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk Church Fr. Evgenia Reschikova. Fr. Archpriest was ordained to the priesthood and appointed to the Trinity Church of the village of Novoselsky Tobolsk district, on September 26, 1844, in 1856 Fr. Evgeny Rechikov was transferred to Tobolsk, and in 1858 he was moved to the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk Church of the city of Tobolsk, where Fr. Archpriest found the day of his fiftieth anniversary" (Siberian Leaflet. 1894. No. 72. p. 2). In October 1894, Archpriest Fr. Yevgeny Reshchikov submitted a request to leave the service (Siberian Leaflet. 1894. No. 83. p.3). He was replaced by Archpriest Fr. Mikhail Dobrokhotov.

In May 1896, an attempt was made to rob the Church of Michael the Archangel. On this occasion, the newspaper "Siberian Leaf" reported the following: "On the night of May 21−22, an attempt was made by unknown intruders to steal from the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk Church. Having entered into the fence, the thieves first removed the cast-iron plate from under the doors of the entrance to the porch of the church, and then, after removing the plate, dismantled the bricks that were under it; at the entrance to the porch, the attackers took out five small cast-iron plates from under the next entrance doors to the porch and, having dismantled the bricks from under the last ones, entered into the porch, into which the door from the church gatehouse opens, where the refectories are placed. Upon entering the porch, the attackers removed the Swedish padlock from the porch doors, and the doors from the gatehouse to the porch were locked. But the attackers' further actions were prevented by the awakened trapezniki (people from the trapeznaya (the refectory). The thieves managed to escape, taking with them only a padlock" (Siberian leaflet. 1896. No. 39. p.4).
In 1913, there were 154 courtyards in the parish of the church, 660 parishioners (312 m., 348 w.). The staff of the church also consisted of a priest and a psalmist. Archpriest Mikhail Dmitrievich Dobrokhotov (since 1894) and psalmist Alexey Vasilyevich Kurdin (since 1910) served in the church.

After the revolution, the church was closed and later the cinema "Screen" was located in it. In the 1930s, the octagon of the bell tower was dismantled. In 1987, the restoration of the temple began, which was completed in 1989. As a result of this restoration, the temple was restored to its original appearance. In 2012, the government of the Tyumen Region allocated 60 million rubles for the second stage of restoration work.

In 1852, with the participation of the Decembrists Alexander Mikhailovich Muravyev and Pyotr Sergeevich Svistunov, a girls' parish school was opened, later transformed into a women’s gymnasium. The school was located in the parish of the Church of Michael the Archangel. The girls studied Church Slavonic and Russian, cosmography and geometry.

In 1854, the school was named "Mariinsky". Until 1909, it was a privileged women’s educational institution. Then it became omniscient and accessible.

In 1910, work began on the construction of a new school building, which was completed on the eve of the First World War. The general contractor of the works was P.I. Pechokas.
On September 1, 1913, the Mariinsky Girls' School was officially declared the Mariinsky Girls' 7th-grade gymnasium with preparatory and additional pedagogical 8th grade. Students who graduated from grades 7 received a general education. They studied special subjects in the 8th additional grade: pedagogy and didactics, anatomy and physiology in connection with hygiene, Russian with Church Slavonic, history of Russian and universal literature, methods of primary teaching of the Russian language. The end of the additional class gave graduates the opportunity to teach.

On September 1, 1913, the Mariinsky Women’s seven-year gymnasium was opened. At that time, 297 students studied in it, 154 of them were children of officials, 105 of merchants, 27 of clergy, and 11 of others.

On August 31, 1914, the new building of the Mariinsky Women’s Gymnasium on Bolshaya Arkhangelskaya Street was consecrated. The new building was electrified, heated by stoves and central heating. In addition to the main building, the gymnasium complex included outbuildings: a bathhouse, a laundry, a stable, and living quarters for servants.

In the 1913−1914 academic year, 335 people studied at the gymnasium, in 1915−1916 — 350. In the 1918−1919 academic year, the number of students increased 3 times and amounted to about 1,000 people. The tuition fee was 50 rubles per year.

In the spring of 1919, the Mariinsky Women’s Gymnasium made its last graduation. In the same year, it was transformed into a grade II school.

In 1920, the artist Panteleimon Petrovich Chukomin opened an art school in this building, and then a museum of fine arts. For this purpose, Chukomin traveled to Moscow and there met with the People’s Commissar of Education A.V. Lunacharsky and the artist V.V. Kandinsky. Panteleimon Petrovich returned to Tobolsk with ten boxes of vases, plaster casts and thirty paintings, among which were works by I.E. Repin, V.D. Polenov, V.A. Serov, I.K. Aivazovsky and other artists.

In the 1920s and 30s, the school often changed its name: Stalin basic semiletka, factory school, incomplete secondary school. In 1934 it became Secondary School No. 1.

Among the graduates of the school are famous scientists, teachers, doctors, engineers. For example, Doctor of Economics P.V. Novitsky, Honored Teacher of the RSFSR school, Honorary Citizen of Tyumen V.F. Yugrinov, mathematician B.N. Kuznetsov, chemist V.A. Beshkiltseva and others.

On Lenin Street there was a house that the Tobolians of the older generation called "theatrical", because workers of the Tobolsk Drama Theater lived in it. Also, the house was called the Abdulovs' House. The future famous theater and film actor Alexander Gavriilovich Abdulov lived in this house with his parents for up to three years. In 1956, the Abdulov family left for Fergana.

The house where little Sasha Abdulov lived burned down on the evening of February 26, 2017. The signal about the ignition of an uninhabited building at Lenin Street, 28 was received at 20:37, firefighters arrived at the scene five minutes later. By this time, the entire roof was on fire. It was possible to extinguish the fire only at half past ten.

According to a resident of a nearby street, Abdulov’s house was burning very badly, the crackling was all over the neighborhood, and firefighters arrived when the old wooden building was engulfed in fire.

According to eyewitnesses, after the settlement of the building, local residents began to dismantle it and take out boards and bricks from there. The memorial plaque installed on the building has disappeared. As it turned out on the spot, the building suffered from the fire very much. The roof was almost destroyed. Partially collapsed ceilings. The back wall was badly burned and charred.
Now there is a vacant lot on the site of the house.

Theatrical performances in Tobolsk were shown at the beginning of the XVIII century. The first theater in Siberia was founded by Metropolitan Philotheus (Leshchinsky). His actors were teachers and students of the theological school. The first mention of the Tobolsk theater dates back to May 8, 1705. The chronicler wrote that playing comedy led to the fact that God was angry — a storm arose and tore off the crosses from the St. Sophia Assumption Cathedral.

During the time of Catherine II, the theater building was built on Bogoyavlenskaya Street. While in Tobolsk, the exiled writer Alexander Nikolaevich Radishchev visited it. The theater played the plays "Two Turkish widows", "The Miller is a sorcerer, a deceiver, a matchmaker."

By the beginning of the XIX century theatrical traditions in Tobolsk already had a certain history. The troupe of the theater was small — 12 actors. In 1800, 42 performances and 11 new productions were presented. However, at the beginning of the XIX century there was a crisis in the entire theatrical culture of Russia associated with an increase in military spending and a reduction in cultural spending. The Tobolsk authorities have not found money to repair the theater. In 1811−1813, the building was in a neglected state, and in the reports of 1814−1815 it was no longer mentioned.

But in Tobolsk there was a seminary theater. Along with plays of religious content, seminarians staged secular ones: "Tsar Maximilian", "Tsar Herod", "Fomka", "Caliph for an hour".
At the Tobolsk gymnasium, a theater circle appeared, organized by the poet P.P. Ershov. He wrote several plays for the gymnasium theater "Rural Holiday", the opera "Yakut gods", etc. The gymnasium students also staged Yershov’s play "Suvorov and the stationmaster".

Theatrical performances of high school students were arranged during Yuletide, Maslenitsa and Easter. On Maslenitsa in 1838, about 800 spectators attended the performances.

The performances of the National Petrushka Theater were timed to coincide with the fair days. The People 's Theater appeared in Siberia in the middle of the XIX century. Until the beginning of the twentieth century, the popularity of Petrushka Theater was so high that he was almost the main character of any festive square.

In the half of the XIX century, the theater in the Siberian capital fell into decline and only occasionally plays were staged in the premises of a Public meeting. For example, on February 6, 1886, Orlov’s troupe of visiting artists presented the drama "Ermak, or Volga and Siberia" and the vaudeville "The Miracle of our Century, or the work of the master is afraid." Columnists of the newspaper "Tobolsk provincial Vedomosti" noted the poor quality of performances. On this occasion, local historian Kapiton Mikhailovich Golodnikov wrote the following: "Ermak in the sixteenth century could not speak with the voice of General Skobelev…" (Tobolsk provincial Vedomosti. 1886. No. 6. p.3).

In 1885, a dramatic society was created in Tobolsk, which aimed to revive the theatrical business of the center of the province. On July 26, 1898, the building of the People’s Auditorium was created. More than 400 people attended the laying of the building, including Vice-Governor N.V. Protasyev, Mayor V.V. Zharnikov and inspector of the men’s gymnasium A.A. Smolev. On the same day, in the evening, a folk festival was held in Ermak’s garden, where two orchestras played — a ballroom and a brass band.

In 1899, the construction was completed. The opening of the theater was marked by the play by A.I. Ostrovsky "It's a Family Affair-We'll Settle It Ourselves" In the first season, the theater was visited by more than eight thousand residents and guests of the city.

On June 22, 1900 Alexey Stepanovich Sukhanov was appointed manager of the People’s Audience. In the summer of 1900, he invited N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov's opera troupe to Tobolsk, which staged the operas "The Mermaid", "The Demon", "Life for the Tsar", "Eugene Onegin", "Faust", "Carmen" and "The Queen of Spades".

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the dramas "Vasilisa Melentyev" by Ostrovsky, "Crime and Punishment" by Dostoevsky, the plays "Sunset" by Sumbatov and "Uncle Vanya" by Chekhov were staged in the People’s Audience of Tobolsk. Actors Zapolyeva, Radina, Petrovskaya, Talzatti, Lidin-Dubrovsky, Korsakov, Pitaev-Pronsky shone on the Tobolsk stage.

The entire audience of the Tobolsk theater could then be divided into three groups. The first group included visiting intellectuals who saw everything and heard everything. They visited the local theater out of boredom to support provincial actors. The second group could be attributed to the middle urban class, consisting of persons of small education — merchants, burghers, artisans. The third group consisted of the gallery, which always expressed its censure or approval by shouting and whistling, in accordance with the impression made on them.

In May 1912, visiting artists staged the operas "Eugene Onegin", "Boris Godunov", "The Queen of Spades" and "Faust". The opera was an unusual sight for the Tobolsk audience, since the last premiere of the opera took place 10−12 years ago.

The opera "Eugene Onegin" was performed at the theater on May 8. There was a lot of audience. Tatiana was sung by Mrs. Granovskaya, the part of Olga was performed by Mrs. Adina, the nanny by Mrs. Tchaikovsky. Lensky’s aria "where, where have you gone" was performed by Mr. Larsky. As for the baritone G. Shumakov, the artist was not in the voice.

The next day at Boris Godunov the hall was half empty. "The Queen of Spades" and "Faust" were a great success. After staying in Tobolsk for five days, the artists left for Tyumen.

In November 1912, the audience was attracted to the theater by a play about the discord between parents and children, "The Sale of Life". The folk performances "Unburied" and "In the Old Years" were held with great success. On November 16, Andreev’s play "Gaudeamus" from student life was performed. The role of the Tenor was played by G. Kolpashnikov, Dina — Ms. Nagornaya. Onufriy’s "eternal student" was played by G. Shumsky, the "old student" was played by G. Polyansky.

In October 1913, Goncharov’s "Cliff", Hauptman’s "The Sunken Bell", the plays "Senile Love" by Myasnitsky and "Guilty Without Guilt" by Ostrovsky were staged in the People’s Audience. The ticket price is from 5 to 75 kopecks.

Initially, the People’s Auditorium building did not have turrets. Some were built later: one in 1907, the other in 1955.

After the revolution of 1917, instead of the "People's Audience", the theater was given back the name given by the Decembrists in 1840 — "People's House".

On January 1, 1934, the Theater of working youth (TWY) was organized. During this period there are performances: "Woe from Wit" by Griboyedov, "Petty Bourgeois" by Gorky. The play "The Marriage of Belugin" by A. Ostrovsky, directed by I. P. Miloslavsky, won the sympathy of the audience.
In the first days of the war, 38 people, led by the director and artistic director, left the Tobolsk Theater for the front. On November 5, 1941, the State Ukrainian Drama Theater named after Maria Zankovetskaya under the leadership of People’s Artist of the Ukrainian SSR Boris Romanitsky arrived in Tobolsk in full force.

The Tobolsk Drama Theater was the most favorite place to visit the townspeople — it hosted plays, performances and matinees for children.

In May 1988, the theater group moved to the mountain, to the Komsomolets Recreation Center. The old building was left to wait for the promised restoration. However, on the night of November 17−18, 1990, the building was destroyed in a fire.

At the intersection of Lenin and Dekabristov Streets (Bolshaya Arkhangelskaya and Abramovskaya) (the modern address is Lenin Street 38) there was a large wooden one-story house. In the middle of the XIX century, it was one of the best houses in Tobolsk. From 1841 to 1856, the family of the Decembrist Pyotr Nikolaevich Svistunov lived in it.

P.N. Svistunov was sentenced to 20 years of hard labor for his participation in the uprising on the Senate Square. The term was reduced first to 15, then to 10 years. He served his sentence in Chita prison and Petrovsky factory. In 1835, the Decembrist Svistunov came to settle first in Irkutsk province, then in Kurgan, Tobolsk province.

In 1841 he moved to Tobolsk. In 1844 Pyotr Nikolaevich began his service in the Tobolsk provincial government.

The house of P.N. Svistunov became the center of the cultural life of Tobolsk, where musical evenings were held. A small room in the house was occupied by the Decembrist Pavel Sergeevich Bobrishchev-Pushkin.

After the amnesty of 1856, P.N. Svistunov left Tobolsk with his wife and two children. During the years of Soviet power, a nursery-garden was located in the house of Svistunov. In 1999, the building was vacated and then dismantled.

Olga Orphanage of Diligence

Since 1898, there has been a Charitable Committee in Tobolsk to assist migrants, created according to the Regulations of the Siberian Railway Committee, which was most highly approved on May 18, 1889. At a meeting on September 18, 1901, the Charitable Committee for Assistance to Displaced Persons decided to open a shelter-workshop for displaced children in Tobolsk in order to teach them carpet and lace craft, that is, to create an institution that has two goals: charitable and industrial.

The opening of this shelter took place on January 12, 1902. To make the existence of the shelter more durable, on October 5, 1903, a Trustee Society was formed at the shelter, and the shelter was renamed the workshop of women’s needlework. The charter of the workshop of women’s needlework was approved by the Committee of Guardianship of the Houses of Diligence on December 18, 1903.

With the opening of the actions of the Trustee Society, the Charitable Committee ceased to take part in the activities of the workshop, and all care for it passed to the Board of the Society.

On August 28, 1908, the workshop was transformed into the Olga Orphanage of Diligence for displaced orphans in Tobolsk. On the same day, the charter of the shelter was approved.

The own building of the Olga Orphanage of Diligence appeared only in 1910. By May 15, 1911, 29 migrant children (9 small, 20 girls) were brought up in the orphanage, 10 of them were orphans, had a father — 11, had a mother — 8. The age of the pupils ranged from 2 to 16 years.

The trustee of the orphanage was the wife of the Tobolsk Governor Olga Nikolaevna von-Gagman. Secretary of the shelter Gavriil Markovich Delinin. Priest Vasily Nikolaevich Skosyrev. The matron Felikitata Aleksandrovna Shcherbakova. Large donations in favor of the shelter were made by Kurgan merchant P.D. Smolev, Tyumen merchant A.I. Tekutyev.


Tobolsk Cultural Educational Institution

The history of the A.A. Alyabyev Tobolsk College of Arts and Culture begins in 1941, when the Omsk Library College was transferred to Tobolsk. It was located in the Russian pedagogical college and was an independent educational institution. The first issue of librarians took place in 1944.

After the war, the need for workers of the cultural front increased significantly, and in 1947 a library college was opened in Tobolsk as an independent educational institution. At first it was located at 11 Rosa Luxemburg Street, and in 1949 it moved to a wooden two floors building — the former Olginsky orphanage on 87 Lenin Street. There was a small dormitory attached to the academic building. The first graduate of the college was only 11 employees of mass libraries of the 3rd category. But on September 1, 1948, 51 people were enrolled in the first year.

The first directors of the school were: Alexander Germanovich Kiselyov (1947−1951), Elena Feoktistovna Dubrovina (1951−1953). From 1953 to 1971, the institution was headed by Zinovy Grigorievich Suher. In 1950, a club-wide department was opened, whose graduates were awarded the qualification "methodologist, organizer of club work". In addition to the disciplines of the general education cycle, the following subjects were studied at the department: club studies, choral studies, propaganda team, fine arts, ballroom dancing, mass games, technical means, musical instruments were taught.

In 1956, the construction of an extension to the old building began, which made it possible to increase the number of classrooms, the area of the assembly hall, the library, and rehearsal classes. The correspondence department opens, the organizer and the first head was Viktor Fedorovich Kleimenov. In 1957, a residential building for teachers was built, later two dormitories for students.
Gradually, the number of students at the club department exceeded the number of future librarians and in 1958 the library college was renamed into the Tyumen Regional Cultural and Educational School, later in 1959 — into the regional cultural and educational college.

In 1959, an orchestra department was created. A year later, the creative biography of the orchestra of Russian folk instruments began. The creation of this creative team is associated with Alexander Maximovich Pachezhertsev. The orchestra was based on teachers and students of the college, where they honed their musical and pedagogical skills.

The choral department of the Cultural and Educational College was opened in 1959. Nikolai Pavlovich Platynsky stood at the origins. In the 60s and 70s, 20 to 30 people studied at the department. The consolidated choir numbered up to 80 people.

The history of the choreographic department began in 1959. A club and dance department was opened in the Tyumen Regional Cultural and Educational College, organized by Lidiya Vasilyevna Gilevich. Ksenia Alexandrovna Platynskaya worked next to her as a teacher of ballroom dance and the subject "Composition and staging of dance".

In 1968, the specialty "Methodologists of technical means of cultural enlightenment" was opened at the cultural and educational college. Yuri Gennadievich Pachezhertsev, Fyodor Petrovich Sumkin, Anatoly Semenovich Golovkov, and Iunia Vasilyevna Golovkova started working at the department. Today the specialty is called "Photo and video creation".

At the origins of the creation of the department of theatrical disciplines were teachers and actors of the drama theater: Alexey Ivanovich Zaikov, Ivan Stepanovich Kotelnikov, Valentina Mikhailovna Kirillova. The training was conducted in the specialty "Socio-cultural activities and folk art" specialization "Amateur theatrical creativity". The students of the department were engaged in large concert activities, participated in events and celebrations of the city.

In 1969, a music department was opened at the school, which two years later became an independent educational institution — the Tobolsk Music School, located in the complex of the Tobolsk Kremlin. In 1971, Ivan Sidorovich Koshkin became the director.
In January 1987, the construction of a new academic building was completed on Znamensky Street, where the Tobolsk Cultural Educational Institution and the music school moved.

In 1911, the electrotheater "Modern" was opened in Tobolsk along Bolshaya Arkhangelskaya Street. The building of the "electrotheater", which received this name on the occasion of the use of a novelty of those years — electricity and an electric arc lamp for a projector, was built of wood in the style characteristic of Tobolsk. Architecturally, it competed with the nearby wooden drama theater with turrets-the terem or, as it was called then, the People’s Audience. However, the main reason for the rivalry was not so much the peculiarities of appearance as the struggle for the viewer. It is no coincidence that the intense competition almost simultaneously forced to adapt a convenient cinema hall for the People’s Audience. In the Soviet years, "Modern" was renamed "Hudozhestvennyj" ("Artistic" in English). It burned down in the 1980s.

It was here that most of the filming of the film "Tobol" based on the historical novel of the same name by Alexey Ivanov took place.

The preparation for filming and the film process lasted almost two years. Large-scale decorations were erected: the courtyard of the scientist Remezov, the palace of Governor Gagarin, typical buildings of a Siberian settlement.

The structures were recreated according to Remizov’s drawings and archaeological sources.
Several dozen local organizations were involved in the creation of props, and not only famous actors, but also thousands of local residents took part in the filming.

The park hosts themed group tours with reincarnation in the characters of the film. Various interactive and cultural events take place regularly.

There were two Jewish synagogues in Tobolsk. They were called the Jewish prayer school, later the Jewish prayer house.

The first Jewish prayer school was opened in 1818 in a house bought by Tobolsk Jews from a retired captain Ivan Tikhonov Kutkin. In the middle of the XIX century, the Jewish prayer house was located on the bank of the Kurdyumka River, not far from the confluence of the Arkhangelsk River into it.

The second Tobolsk Jewish Prayer School was opened in 1876 on Rozhdestvenskaya (Christ-Born) Street. In 1875, the philistine Isai Yakovlev Rakhlin bought a house on Rozhdestvenskaya Street, which was previously owned by the official Ivan Zotov. The following year, Rachlin sold a house with a cellar, a delivery room and land to a Jewish synagogue for a prayer school.

In 1884, parishioners petitioned for the construction of a new building on Bolshaya Bolotnaya Street. A project was drawn up, a place for construction was chosen and material was purchased, but the new building was never built. By order of the governor, based on the population, in June 1887, the second prayer school was closed, the school property was described and transferred to the first Jewish school, renaming it the Jewish prayer house.

In July 1907, a synagogue was robbed, two old Jewish men who were guards in it were killed (Siberian Leaflet. 1907. No. 53. p. 2). The murder of Jews and a policeman in Tobolsk was committed by a gang of Ikonnikov from Tyumen (4 people). They were detained by Tyumen police officers when they were returning from Tobolsk to Tyumen, in the village of Baykalova, and sent to Tobolsk (Siberian Leaflet. 1907. No. 54. p. 3).

On June 26, 1911, a new Jewish prayer house was laid (Siberian Leaf. 1911. No. 78. pp. 2−3).

Pryamskoy road is located between two parts of the Trinity Cape. Since the foundation of Tobolsk, a natural dry log has served for climbing the mountain. "As for the Pryamskoy road," wrote the newspaper Tobolsk Gubernskie Vedomosti, "it significantly shortens the path for the residents of the foothill to the cathedral and public places, and for the upland — to the market" (Tobolsk Gubernskie Vedomosti. 1857. No. 23. p. 21).

For a long time, the lift had no road surface, so it was very difficult to climb up, especially in rainy weather. In the 1670s, a wooden staircase was built.

In 1713, a stone building of the greenhouse — the repository of the state treasury — was erected above the staircase.

In 1751, an ensign of the Dragoon regiment, a talented engineer, Yakov Ukusnikov, developed a draft of about 200 fathoms long. The road was built for several years. During the construction, earthworks were carried out, the log and the ravine following it were deepened.

In the 1780s, it was decided to build retaining walls for the Pryamskoy road. Various craftsmen were involved in the construction, among them were architect Alexander Guchev, surveyor Vasily Ponomarev, Tobolsk burghers Savin and Pakhomov. In the 1790s, retaining walls of the suspension were built with a height of 6.5 fathoms in the highest part, and 2 arshins in the low part. The length of the retaining walls was 51 fathoms. With the light hand of one of the Tobolsk governors, the courtyard walls began to be called "Swedish", although the Swedes did not build them.

In the middle of the XIX century it was decided to repair the Pryamskoy road, which had not been repaired since the time of Peter the Great. On August 26, 1855, the repair of the Pryamskoy road began, which lasted more than two months. At first, a pothole with a length of 116 fathoms, a width of 1 to 4 fathoms and a depth of 1 to 7 ½ arshins was filled up, formed from heavy rains and spring water. Then a ridge was arranged for 24 fathoms, a ditch was made 30 fathoms wide, with a depth of 1 to 2 ½ arshins. 166 four-column logs, 10 scrap blocks, 70 nine-column boards, 200 carts of fascinators, 132 carts of garbage and 200 large nails were spent on repairs. In total, 154 rubles 94 kopecks were spent on repairs.

In 1903, the question arose about the repair of the retaining walls of the Pryamskoy road. It was estimated that 50 thousand bricks were needed for this. As for the steps and railings on the Police Platoon, they were repaired every few years. In winter, the steps were cleaned of snow, but pedestrians constantly fell on the suspension, were injured.

On April 20, 1908, administrative exile Nikolai Shishmarev killed Ivan Semenovich Mogilyov, the caretaker of Tobolsk Penal Prison No. 1, with a revolver shot on Cathedral Square. During the pursuit, the killer wounded a policeman and a Jewish woman. In addition, Shishmarev fired shots at the oncoming gendarme and police chief, but to no avail. Then Shishmarev himself was wounded by the police chief Larchenko with a saber on a Direct delivery and detained. The murderer was tried and sentenced to be hanged, but he managed to take poison, which he had stocked up in advance and died before the execution.

Throughout the XX century, the Pryamskoy road was the main road to the mountainous part of the city.

In 2005, a major overhaul of the Pryamskoy road was carried out. The steps were left wooden. The number of them became 203.

Already in our time, this unique wooden staircase has become overgrown with beliefs, one of which says that if a person climbs the stairs, counting each step, without straying and thinking at the same time about his desire, then the desire will certainly come true. If during the ascent the traveler lost count, then he should go down and start counting again.