Nikolsky vzvoz

The oldest ascent to the Pryamskoy vozvoz mountain from the second half of the XVIII century was used only for pedestrians. With loads, they climbed the Kazachiy vzvoz. In 1824, a more comfortable and gentle Nikolsky vozvoz was built, so named after the St. Nicholas Church. To do this, manually deepened the log, arranged a road to the mountain.

In 1854−1855. The Nikolsky delivery truck was repaired under the leadership of the official of the Tobolsk Construction Commission Alexey Lvovich Zhilin. On this occasion, the newspaper "Tobolsk provincial Vedomosti" wrote: "The construction of the new Nikolsky vzvoz cost a lot of work and considerable expenses. 1185 scrap blocks, 214 plates, 210 boards, 2000 nails were used for paving the pavements. The pavement was bordered by strongholds, of which 100 pieces went. Ditches with wooden gutters were made on the sides of the truck to drain snow and rain water. The slope of the mountain on the left side was reinforced with a ridge for 84 linear fathoms, with a height of 1 ½ to 3 ½ fathoms. The fortified and rammed mountain for 840 square fathoms, as well as the edges of the ditches along the length of the entire suspension are lined with turf, of which 20,000 plates were used for this. To strengthen the mountain and to decorate the vzvoz, willows are planted on its sides" (Tobolsk provincial Vedomosti. 1857. No. 23. pp. 21−22).

In the summer of 1900, the Nikolsky delivery truck was repaired with broken bricks and a thin humpback. In the spring of the following year, pits appeared on the vzvoz, so that the townsfolk said among themselves that it was not safe to move along Nikolsky now.

In the summer of 1901, about 70 poplars were planted on both sides of the Nikolsky vzvoz. Very soon the young trees were liked by the Tobolsk goats, who ate most of the trees.

At present, as in the old days, Nikolsky vozvoz is the main road to the mountain.

In 1602, a wooden church in the name of Nicholas the Wonderworker was built outside the walls of the Kremlin. The temple was erected in ten days, on the occasion of the appearance of St. Nicholas, in order to stop the death of cattle in the city.

There was a small cemetery near the church, where the children and grandchildren of the first Tobolyaks and Ermak’s Cossacks rest.

In August 1643, the wooden St. Nicholas Church burned down, and then was restored. On May 29, 1677, the temple was destroyed in a fire that destroyed half of the city. The following year, a new wooden church of St. St. Nicholas, Bishop of Myra with the chapel of the Great Martyr Demetrius of Thessalonica. The new church was consecrated on December 3, 1680.

In 1684, a thunderbolt (meteorite) hit the St. Nicholas Church from a cloud, pierced the top of a large chapter and fell inside the church, into the chapel. The stone was for a long time in the chapel of Demetrius of Thessalonica. There was also an interesting document of the XVII century. "Synod to the Ermakov Cossacks" with a list of the Cossacks who died during the "Siberian capture". A memorial service was held annually on October 26.

In addition to the "thunderbolt" and the synodic, there were two wooden carved sculptures of St. Nicholas in the church. Nicholas. They enjoyed great reverence among the people. By the decree of the Tobolsk Ecclesiastical Consistory of September 30, 1835, they were removed from the church and replaced with ordinary icons.
In 1714, a stone church was laid with side chapels of the Entrance of the Lord to Jerusalem, the Great Martyrs Demetrius of Thessalonica and George the Victorious.

Due to the small number of parishioners, the service in the church was rarely performed. In the second half of the XIX century, its southern wall gave a significant crack. In 1891, the Right Reverend Justin, with voluntary donations, brought the church, although not in a luxurious, but in a decent appearance.
On May 30, 1901, Boris Pavlovich Grabovsky was baptized in the St. Nicholas Church.
According to the "Reference Book of the Tobolsk Diocese" in 1908, 1,697 people lived in the parish of St. Nicholas Church.

There were 14 villages in the parish: Zavalnaya, Zashchitina, Povarnya, Kozlova, Verkhnefilatova, Zyryanova, Sargina, Markova, Volgina, Savina, Redkina, Kondrakhina, Vesnina and Samokhvalova. In 1913, there were 324 courtyards in them, 1,588 people lived (810 m., 778 w.).

After the revolution, until the early twenties, services were held in the church, and then it was turned into a garage of the NKVD UGB prison. Having brought it to an emergency state, the city authorities closed the temple in 1930. Then it was completely destroyed.

In September 2022, in the year of the 435th anniversary of Tobolsk, a monument to the founder of the city, voivode Danila Chulkov, was erected on Kirov Street. It was he who, in 1587, laid the prison at the confluence of the Irtysh and Tobol, which was named Tobolsk, and later became the capital of Siberia. The sculptural composition depicting Danila Chulkov and his companions sailing on a boat is located in the lower posad of Tobolsk and will become part of a tourist route through its historical center.

"Danila Chulkov is the founder of our city, a legendary personality. However, so far there have been no monuments associated with his name in Tobolsk. In the jubilee year, with the support of the public, it was decided to correct this situation. The initiative was supported by the Historical Council of the city, at its meeting the location of the monument was approved — the embankment of the Kurdyumka River. The monument and the new public space around it will become another point of attraction in Nizhny Posad for locals and tourists, will remind Tobolians of the extremely important importance of our city for Siberia and the whole country," Maxim Afanasyev, the head of Tobolsk, said at the opening ceremony.

The project was implemented within the framework of the Tobolsk Real Urban environment development program initiated by the Government of the Tyumen Region, the administration of the city of Tobolsk and SIBUR.

"The opening of the monument to the founder of Tobolsk reflects the respect and attention that we — people of the XXI century — strive to pay to the history of our country," said Mikhail Karisalov, Chairman of the Board, CEO of SIBUR. — Initially, the program "Tobolsk is real" was conceived as a bridge between the past and the future, helping to determine what we have in the present and what we want to see the city. Therefore, its motto is "Creating the future without changing the past." The program pays great attention to the preservation of historical memory and the restoration of cultural heritage objects — it includes more than 20 landmark historical sites for the city."

The competition of sketches for the creation of the monument to Chulkov was won by the Russian conceptual artist, honorary member of the Russian Academy of Arts Sergey Titlinov. He is also the author of the Tobolsk sculpture and memorial complex "Tobolyakov Immortal Regiment".

There are few historical facts about Danil Chulkov himself, so the sculptor had to speculate a lot.

The territory adjacent to the new attraction is also landscaped — paving stones were laid here, small architectural forms and an art object of the 435th anniversary of the city were installed. The place is symbolic: the wooden recreation area embodies the stern, where you can enjoy the picturesque views of the Kremlin and Nizhny Posad, and the unusual installation "435" can be seen from the Kremlin observation deck.

Between Panin Hill and Troitsky Cape is Chukmansky Cape. Chukman is a distorted Ugric word "tokman", which means "inside".

At the beginning of the XIX century, Archbishop Anthony III decided to build new buildings of the theological seminary on the Chukmansky Cape.

On June 3, 1837, being in Tobolsk, the heir to the throne Tsarevich Alexander Nikolaevich visited the Chukmansky Cape. In the summer room of the Public Meeting, the mayor served breakfast to the guest.

In 1839, a monument to Ermak was erected on the Chukmansky Cape.
The creation of the Ermak Garden is the merit of the official of the Tobolsk Construction Commission, Alexander Lvovich Zhilin. Under the leadership of Zhilin, the monument to Ermak was carried by a stone fence with a cast-iron lattice.
In 1857, a flower garden and a greenhouse were arranged at the monument. The initiative belonged to the Tobolsk civil governor Viktor Antonovich Artsimovich, who left a good memory of himself among Siberians.

To maintain the greenhouse, the labor of prisoners of the convict company of the civil department was used.

One of the oldest photographs of the monument to Ermak was taken in 1864 by the first photographer of Tobolsk Pavel Semenovich Pautov.

In the photo of the exiled Pole Florian Lakhmayer of the early 1880s, the monument to Ermak appears in an unusual form. It is fenced with brick pillars with a wrought-iron lattice, and from the northern part it is decorated with cast-iron figures of archers.

The Tobolsk authorities cared not only about preserving the appearance of the monument to Ermak, but also about strengthening the slopes of the Chukmansky Cape in order to avoid destruction.

Ermak’s garden was a favorite place of folk festivals. Many festive events were held in the summer room of the Public Meeting. Prior to the appearance of the new theater building, premieres of many plays were also held here. In the summer, there was a playground in the garden.

On July 10, 1891, the monument to Ermak was inspected by the heir to the throne, Tsarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich (the future Emperor Nicholas II). He expressed a wish to make the monument more militant. After that, guns were dug into the ground, chains were stretched between them.