Mendeleev Dmitry Ivanovich is a world-famous Russian scientist, encyclopedist, educator, citizen, patriot.
He was born in Tobolsk on January 27 (February 8), 1834 in the family of the director of the Tobolsk gymnasium Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev and Maria Dmitrievna, who came from the merchant family of the Kornilevs. From 1841 to 1849 he studied at the Tobolsk Men’s Gymnasium. In 1850 he entered the Main Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg, from which he graduated in 1855.
In 1856 he defended his master’s thesis, and in 1865 — his doctoral dissertation. D.I. Mendeleev is the author of the first Russian textbook on chemistry "Organic Chemistry" (1861), as well as a classic work on chemistry, built on the basis of the Periodic Law — "Fundamentals of Chemistry" (1868−1871). From 1861 to 1890 he taught at St. Petersburg University, from 1892 to 1907 he held the position of a scientific custodian of the Depot of Exemplary Weights and Measures, and from 1893 — manager of the Main Chamber of Weights and Measures.
One of the most famous discoveries that brought D.I. Mendeleev international recognition is the Periodic Law of Chemical Elements (February 17, 1869). In addition, he also made discoveries in the field of physics (absolute boiling point of liquids), gunpowder (invented smokeless pyrocolloid gunpowder), shipbuilding (proposed the idea of creating an experimental pool, took an active part in design, technical and organizational measures, tests of ship models, in 1901−1902 D.I. Mendeleev created the project of the Arctic expedition icebreaker), metrology (restored the standards of Russian measures, invented instruments and methods of the most accurate measurements) and many others.
In total, D.I. Mendeleev wrote more than 500 scientific papers on chemistry, physicochemistry, physics, metrology, economics, technology, geology, meteorology, pedagogy, aeronautics, instrumentation. Scientific achievements of D.I. Mendeleev was recognized both in Russia and abroad — he was elected an honorary member of more than 100 domestic and foreign academies, universities and scientific societies, awarded high international awards: the Davy Medal from the Royal Society of London (1882), the Medal of the Academy of Meteorological Aerostatics (Paris, 1887), the Faraday Medal from the English Chemical Society (1889), Copley Medal from the Royal Society of London (1905).
An avenue in the mountainous part of Tobolsk is named after D.I. Mendeleev, as well as the Mendeleevo microdistrict, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Mendeleev Lanes, Mendeleev Street (formerly Bolshaya Bolotnaya) and Mendeleev Square.