Market Square

In the XVII century Tobolsk played a big role in the system of the All-Russian market. The trade route from Europe to Asia passed through it.

Various Russian, Western European and Asian goods entered the Tobolsk market. However, after the emergence of the large Irbit and Yamyshevskaya fairs, as well as with the development of local crafts, many goods ceased to be imported. The Gostiny Dvor, built in 1702, was also empty. The summer bazaar was destroyed by fire in 1757, a second gostiny dvor was organized in its place in addition to the seven trading places of Tobolsk: two meat rows, a large fish market, bread, shoemaking, gluttony (sold food) and women’s (clothing, jewelry) rows. There were places for trading yards and hay on the Upper and Lower townships of the city.

The market square was the busiest corner of the city, where you could find products of home baking and fishing, Katai tea, Bashkir lime honey, as well as vegetables, sponge cake, chocolate, apples, cherries, melons and watermelons. A special place in the Tobolsk bazaar was occupied by the hay row.
The basis of the Siberian market of the second half of the XIX century was fair trade. All fairs, torzhki Tobolsk province were divided according to the nature of trade, seasonality and trade turnover. The largest in terms of trade turnover was the Ishim Nikolskaya Fair. The largest northern fair was Obdorskaya, where skins, mammoth bone and fish, bread, butter, tea, sugar, colored cloth, shawls, copper and iron products were brought.
Stone shopping malls were built in 1880. In addition to trade, violators of the law who committed crimes of severe severity were tried on the Market Square.

In the second half of the XIX century there was a development of retail urban and rural trade. In cities, a retail store has given way to a store. Without disappearing altogether, the shop trade passed into the category of petty trade.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the store trade was an extensive network. There were shops with a certain specialization: perfumes, ready-made dresses, watches, jewelry and so on. On July 10, 1908, the Tobolsk City Duma established a certain mode of operation for each type of shops.

The best shops in Tobolsk were located on Bolshaya Pyatnitskaya Street. The most visited in the city was the shop of merchant Yanushkevich, who sold grocery, gastronomic and colonial goods, bicycles, fashionable goods, oak barrels, flour products. The store was eagerly visited by the peasants of the surrounding villages — here the goods were released on credit.

In the second half of the XIX century, specialized bath complexes appeared in Siberian cities — commercial baths. They had both general offices and separate rooms. The sale of soft drinks was established. According to the decree of the provincial authorities, commercial baths could be arranged "only in stone buildings, which, if they are arranged on the boundaries or with firewalls, then there should be no openings or windows in these walls. Windows and doors in baths should be arranged with iron shutters."

In the second half of the XIX century, the trade baths of Adrian Syromyatnikov and Denis Gudovich operated in the city. Gudovich’s trading bath burned down on May 6, 1889 at ten o’clock in the evening, allegedly from arson.

At the end of the XIX century in Tobolsk, Alexander Adrianovich Syromyatnikov’s trading baths operated in the area of the Market Square and Konyukhovich’s baths in the suburb of Vershina. The baths were heated all days except Sundays and holidays. At night, these buildings served as flophouses for beggars and drunkards who had lost their human appearance.

On May 8, 1897, the trading baths of Syromyatnikov were closed. All buildings were transferred to the city. Konyukhovich’s baths burned down in April 1899: "On the night of April 3 to 4, at 2 a.m., there was a fire in the Konyukhovich’s trading bath in the suburb near the Syromyatnikov factory (in the Top), which burned to the ground." (Siberian leaflet. 1899. No. 34. p. 2).
On February 22, 1899, the Tobolsk city baths were opened. The city baths had two sections — common baths and rooms where guests were offered tea, fruit water, kvass and biscuits. Baths were installed in four rooms.
The baths opened at 11 a.m. and closed at 10 p.m. They worked all days except Sundays and holidays.
After the construction of the city water supply system, the question arose about the construction of a new building of city baths. On December 18, 1911, the stone two-story building of the city baths on the Market Square was consecrated. and since December 19, the baths have been open to visitors.

The new baths consisted of common simple baths for men and women, a common noble bath for men and 11 rooms.

On the occasion of the opening of new baths, the newspaper "Siberian Leaf" wrote: "The baths are clean, warm and bright… The furniture was moved from the old baths. There is no carbon monoxide in the baths, the showers and taps are working properly. Electric lighting is everywhere.
The disadvantage of new baths is the cramped rooms, you can barely wash together, if you wash 3−4 children, you will have to wash in turn.

The most important drawback of the new baths is the lack of female noble communal baths" (Siberian Leaflet. 1911. No. 151. p.3).

In Soviet times, the city baths on the Market Square regularly served Tobolyaks. They had common rooms and separate offices.

Now the building is abandoned.

In 1878−1880 stone shopping malls were built on the Market Square. The building is formed by six identical sections and an intermediate — seventh with a through passage (now laid). The first floor is divided into many rooms with separate entrances, which were occupied by retail shops. The second floor, which can be accessed by internal stairs and two external side ones, was occupied by warehouses and offices.

In 1913, the building belonged to the merchant Nikolai Alexandrovich Ershov, who sold everything from pins to musical instruments and bicycles. There were wooden warehouses next to the shopping malls.
In Soviet times, the building housed shop No. 2 "Industrial goods". Wooden warehouses were destroyed in a fire in 1995.

In the old days, magistrates solved issues of local self-government, collected taxes, and engaged in the improvement of cities. The building was laid out in 1754 according to the project of military engineer Yakov Uksusnikov, and was erected at the expense of the treasury and local merchants. The building was twice damaged by fires — in 1757 and 1788. In the second half of the XIX — early XX centuries, the Tobolsk City Duma was located in the building. On August 7, 1908, the vowels of the Duma opened the settlement by the light of an electric bulb of 16 candles. Electricity was supplied from a small electric generator of the water station by engineer A.Y. Dozorov. In Soviet times, the building housed the Toboltorg trade enterprise.

On the Market Square, just behind the bridge over the Kurdyumka River, there is a shop building of merchant Georgy Nikolaevich Konstantinov.

His father, Nikolai Konstantinovich Konstantinov, was born in 1837 in the town of Staro-Konstantinov, Volyn province. He came from baptized Jews. The surname "Konstantinov" was probably given to him at baptism. In 1874, Konstantinov bought an empty place from the Tobolsk philistine Kuchkov, in the 3rd part of Tobolsk, at the very end of Pyatnitskaya Street. In January 1878, Nikolai Konstantinovich filed a petition to open a bookstore. First of all, he sold religious literature, primers and books for children. Gradually, the range of goods expanded. Konstantinov sold haberdashery goods. Apparently, the trade was going well, since in April 1884 he bought another trading shop owned by a philistine Chuklin. In 1886, Konstantinov was ranked in the merchant class.
In 1887, a merchant of the 2nd guild Konstantinov purchased a house from the widow of titular adviser Evgenia Yakovlevna Zavyalova, located in the 2nd part of Tobolsk, in the Epiphany parish, on the Kurdyumka River.

In 1899, a stone building of his store was built on the Market Square by Konstantinov. After 1911, the building was almost doubled in size. However, later the second half was dismantled, and new buildings appeared from the courtyard.

According to the Tobolsk City Council, in 1901 the real estate of merchant Konstantin Nikolaevich Konstantinov was estimated at 10 480 rubles. In 1909, Konstantinov bought part of the land along the Kurdyumka River from the city, pledging to strengthen it and maintain it at his own expense.

On August 17, 1913, merchant Nikolai Konstantinovich Konstantinov died of inflammation of the bladder. He was buried in the Epiphany Church. They were buried in the Zavalny cemetery.
The store passed to Nikolai Konstantinovich’s son George. Even after the death of the owner, the building did not change its name. Tobolsk residents called it "Konstantinov's store". In Soviet times, the building housed a Fish-meat store.

Russians have always attached some kind of heroic significance to drunkenness, no wonder, in Russian folk tales, the hero’s strength was measured by the ability to overdo everything.

The first pub appeared in Tobolsk in 1616. In a short period of time, drunkenness among the townspeople acquired huge proportions — men and women, old men and children, Russians and Tatars drank. In August 1623, voivode Yuri Yanovich (Ivanovich) Suleshev was forced to close the tavern, but the Tobolians found a substitute for alcohol. In Tobolsk from Central Asia, traders brought some kind of sharu grass. When the pub was closed, the townspeople made themselves hookahs and "drank smoke." The governor periodically sent archers to seize hookahs and punish "pituhi", but hookahs appeared again.

A few years later, another voivode, Andrei Andreevich Khilkov, was forced to reopen the tavern. According to the tsar’s decree of 1654, the number of pubs in Russian cities was not limited.

In Peter’s time there were about thirty pubs in Tobolsk. Anyone approaching Tobolsk from the Moscow-Siberian highway was met by the "Shake off your Legs" pub. Pubs on the main city streets had no less sonorous names: "Malotravka", "Glotny", "Skorodum", "Prityka", "Cheerful", "Bucket". The pubs were located at the city’s delivery trucks: Nikolsky — "Kokui", Pryamsky — "Petrovsky". The main city pub was located in the Tobolsk Kremlin and was called the Kremlin Pub.

Drinking establishments of various kinds were an integral part of the social life of Western Siberia in the XIX century. The pub accompanied males from birth to death. People came there to drink with grief and joy. Strong vodka, called "fellow traveler", was taken on the road as a remedy for epidemics.

In the XIX century, a long two-story building of drinking establishments was erected in the eastern part of the Market Square. Researchers V.V. Kirillov and V.I. Kochedamov call it Flour Rows and date it to 1875−1876. However, the data allow it to be attributed to the number of earlier built at the end of the XVIII — first half of the XIX century, subsequently significantly modified alterations.

According to legend, Grigory Rasputin served as a sex worker in this drinking establishment for a short time.

In Soviet times, the building was an apartment-type residential building.

The state-owned pharmacy warehouse was built on the site of wooden shopping malls in the 1890s. The building housed a pharmacy, a laboratory, warehouses and a pharmacist’s apartment. Before the revolution, there was a shop of the Ershov brothers in it. The exterior architecture of the building is designed in accordance with the aesthetics of red brick buildings and is indicative of brick decorative decoration.

In Soviet times, the building housed a meeting point.

In 1752, a peasant Mikhail Mukhin bought a plot of land from a philistine Feoktistov, which he transferred to build a wooden Resurrection Church, which was destroyed by a fire in 1757.

In 1759, a stone church with six side chapels was laid on the site of the burnt wooden church.
The church had the richest parish, merchants Shaposhnikov and Nevodchikov in different years were churchwardens.

There was a parish cemetery attached to the church. According to the Siberian Leaf newspaper in July 1913: "While digging the foundation for an extension to the city council building, we came across the remains of an old cemetery adjacent to the Zakharyevskaya Church. The remains will be transferred to the city cemetery" (Siberian Leaf. 1913. No. 77. p.2).

Since 1825, A.A. Alyabyev lived in the parish of the Resurrection Church, who engaged in composing military and church music, organized a military orchestra. He had to appear regularly in the church for repentance.

On the night of August 17, 1878, an attempt was made to rob the church, but nothing was stolen.

On November 15, 1905, the funeral service of merchant Grigory Alexandrovich Ershov, who died on November 11, was held in the Zakharyevskaya Church. On May 10, 1910, merchant M.D. Plotnikov was buried.

Of the icons of the Church of Zacharias and Elizabeth, the icon of the "Joy of All Who Mourn" of ancient writing is the most famous. The celebration in honor of the icon was held in the Zakharyevskaya Church annually on October 24.

In the 1930s, the bell tower’s ringing tier, the completion of the apse and the spire were destroyed. Currently, the temple has been restored, services are held in it.